Microbiology on Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi Case Study

Microbiology on Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi - Case Study Example All bacterial cells have a definite shape attributed to their characteristic cell wall and have a naked DNA. Bacteria cells take up different shapes including a spherical shape, straight rods and spiral rods. Different bacteria strains further indicate unique cell organization including single cells, a pair of cells, a chain of rods, and long trichomes. However, some bacteria may not conform to these shapes such as Bacillus anthracis which appears as rods with straight blunt ends among other bacteria. Characteristics of the bacterial cell wall enable different bacteria strains to survive different environs including hypotonic and other forms of physical stress. Gram-positive bacteria have thicker cell walls (20-80 nm) than Gram-negative bacteria (10-15nm) (Kango, 2010). Different bacterial cell wall also has different chemical composition. Bacillus anthracis forms one of the most potential bioterrorism agents due to its highly infectious and lethal nature. The most important characte ristic that makes it appropriate for bioterrorism revolves around the ability of the bacterial cell to form a capsule that protects it from the human immune system (Bouzianas, 2007). Formation of the capsule enables the bacteria cell to survive amidst the human antibodies and immune cells allowing it to multiply and killing most immune cells. The capsule characteristic can be exploited by counter-bioterrorists to develop vaccines to prevent the lethal effects of the bacteria on the humans.Viruses are identified as unicellular microorganisms having either RNA or DNA, capable of reproducing inside other living cells (Kango, 2010). Viruses lack cellular organization and enzymes necessary for the synthesis of nucleic acids and protein. They depend on enzymes of the host cells to synthesize their proteins and follow a complex multiplication process. In addition, viruses are ultramicroscopic, enabling them to filter through barriers that retain bacterial cells.

Reading summaries Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reading summaries - Assignment Example 3. What Is The Difference Between The Udhr And The ICESCR? UDHR is popularly known as Universal Declaration of Human Rights. After World War II in 1948 the UDHR came into force. The purpose of developing such universal organization was to bring back peace to every countries of world. The main aim of establishing the UDHR is to remove the slave system, creating equality among the people and providing birth right to the people (United Nations, â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights†). Conversely, ICESCR is generally popular as International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to the world. ICESCR is the part of UDHR. As the name suggests it describes the key responsibilities of work. ICESCR’s main commitment is to work for socioeconomic and traditional rights, health and educational rights and the labor rights. The work of ICESCR is similar to UDHR. The Economic and the Social is leading the ICESCR for developing the society (United Nations Human Rights, â€Å"Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights†). 4. What Are Some Of The Ways In Which Human Rights Doctrine Differs From Mainstream Economic Approaches In Both Goals And Methodology? Human Rights mainly contain two aspects, one is legal and another is ethical. The legal aspects shows the human rights with a justified attributes and the ethical aspects maintain the obligations or duties and humanity towards the people involved (Vasilevich and Jaaskelainen 387-405). Another way economics mainly differs in its goal and methodology from human right doctrine with an aim of protecting interests regarding welfarism, compensation and utilization of resources (Vasilevich and Jaaskelainen 387-405). 1. What is the right to an adequate standard of living? What does it include? Are there any exclusion? The right of adequate standard of living refers that one person should have sufficient amount of food, clothes and